The course consists of three sections.

Section I: From ‘tribes’ to the ‘production of locality’: Representations of sub-Saharan Africa. Introduction. 2. ‘Tribes’ in space and time. A. ‘Tribe’: crisis of a concept. B. ‘Tribes’, colonialism and British social anthropology. C. ‘Tribe’ and the Atlantic slave-trade. 3. Beyond ‘tribes’: the ‘production of locality’ in pre-colonial Grassfields (west Cameroon). A. The ‘African frontier’ and the ‘production of locality’: two converging paradigms. B. Pre-colonial Grassfields (17^th c.-early 20^th c.). C. The ‘production of locality’ in precolonial Cameroon Grassfields. 4. Conclusions.

Section II: Europe in Africa. 1. Defining colonial studies. 2. The colonial legacy in Africa. A. Invented traditions. B. ‘Decentralized despotism’. 3. Aspects of modernity in post-colonial Cameroon. A. Identity and belonging. B. Kinds of inventions. C. Figures of modernity. D. Social memories of the slave-trade and forced labour.

Section III: Cannibals, zombies, and the making of an African modernity in the Cameroon Grassfields. 1. From culinary metaphors to political economy. A. From cooking to the political economy of persons. B. The political economy of witchcraft. 2. The modernity of witchcraft: cannibals, zombies and the allegories of capitalism. A. Memories and discourses of the Atlantic slave-trade and forced labour. B. The Atlantic slave-trade and cannibals in the Cameroon Grassfields. C. Colonialism, forced labour and famla witchcraft. D. Allegories of capitalism. 4. Concluding remarks: witchcraft and selfhood in sub-Saharan Africa, past and present.

Section IV: Discourse of power, knowledge of otherness. 1. First contacts. A. Great discoveries and seafaring travelers (15^th c.). B. African perceptions of the Europeans (15^th c. – ). C. Europeans in African visual arts (15^th – 17^th c.). D. Africans and Africa in European printed media. 2. Europe and the invention of ‘Africa’. A. Religion, science and the invention of ‘Africa’ in visual arts. B. Discourse, gender, and representation. C. Africa in the anthropological literature. 3. Africans on Africans and Africa. A. Panafricanism, Afrocentrism and Négritude. B. Anti Pan-Africanism.