Taking as its starting point the idea that sexuality is not a timeless nor natural entity but is socially and culturally constructed, the course introduces students to the history of sexuality in Europe and Greece across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a period marked by systematic prohibitions but also by revolutionary processes of sexual reform. Rather than narrating a story of gradual liberalisation, nor of a smooth transition from a world of repression and restriction to one of sexual liberation, the course argues that these two centuries were characterised by ongoing attempts to win fragments of sexual freedom and by equally persistent reversals of whatever gains were made. Social and political upheavals, world wars, authoritarian regimes, ecclesiastical resistance, legal prohibitions and conservative social movements, all slowed or overturned developments in the sphere of sexuality, repeatedly confining it within the boundaries of marriage and reproduction. Drawing on both a broad European frame and more focused interventions on Greece, the course traces changes over time and across place in a wide range of themes: heterosexual and same-sex erotic desire; the formation of the sexual norm and its policing; marriage and conjugality; the emergence of sexology and sexual counselling; the promotion and suppression of sexual desire under democratic and fascist regimes; eugenics; prostitution and venereal disease; abortion and contraception; pornography and the commodification of sex; social movements for sexual freedom and their opponents; and sexual violence in times of war and peace.
Schedule
- Introduction: Contemporary debates in the history of sexuality
- Theoretical trends in the history of sexuality
- Marriage, prostitution, venereal disease
- Abortion, contraception, births outside marriage
- The formation of the sexual norm and its “deviations”
- Sexology
- State interventions and institutional regulation of sexuality
- The dimension of race and the condition of colonialism
- Fascism, Nazism and democratic welfare states
- Cold War cultures
- Greek perspectives
- Adolescent sexuality
- The “sexual revolution”
Learning outcomes : Upon completing the course, students will be able to:
- Recognise the central role that sexuality played in shaping the political, social, economic and cultural history of Europe across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
- Acquire introductory knowledge of the field’s main thematic areas.
- Understand that sexual policies and practices are historically constructed and change over time.
- Critically interrogate dominant assumptions about sex and gender relations.
- Appreciate that transformations in the landscape of sexuality across various European countries, including Greece, were neither smooth nor self-evident.
General Competences:
- Respect for difference and multiculturalism
- Working independently
- Teamwork
- Production of new research ideas
- Showing social, professional and ethical responsibility and sensitivity to gender issues
- Criticism and self-criticism
- Production of free, creative and inductive thinking
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Suggested International Bibliography
- Avdela, Efi, Kostis Gotsinas, Despo Kritsotaki, Dimitra Vassiliadou, “From Virginity to Orgasm: Marriage and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Greece”, Journal of Family History 45/3 (2020): 315-333.
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- Chiang, Howard, “Revisiting the History of Sexuality: Thinking with Foucault at Forty”, Cultural History 5/2 (2016): 115–21.
- Clark, Anna, Desire: A History of European Sexuality, Λονδίνο 22019, Routledge. ———–, “Twilight Moments”, Journal of the History of Sexuality 14/1 (2005): 139-160.
- Cocks, H. G., “Modernity and the Self in the History of Sexuality”, The Historical Journal 49/4 (2006): 1211-1227.
- Cocks, H.G. και Houlbrook, Matt, Palgrave Advances in the Modern History of Sexuality, 2006, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Collins, Marcus, Modern Love: An Intimate History of Men and Women in Twentieth-Century Britain, Λονδίνο 2003, Atlantic printing.
- Cook, Hera, The Long Sexual Revolution: English Women, Sex, and Contraception, 1800-1975, Οξφόρδη 2004, Oxford University Press.
- Davidson, Roger και Lesley A. Hall (επιμ.), Sex, Sin and Suffering: Venereal Disease and European Society since 1870, Λονδίνο 2011, Routledge.
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- D’Emilio, John, “The History of Sexuality: An Assessment of the State of the Field”, History and Theory 58/1 (2019): 126-134.
- Hantzaroula, Pothiti, “Public Discourses on Sexuality and Narratives of Sexual Violence of Domestic Servants in Greece (1880–1950)”, Journal of Mediterranean Studies 18/2 (2009): 283-310.
- Harris, Alana και Jones, Timothy Willem (επιμ.), Love and Romance in Britain, 1918-1970, Νέα Υόρκη 2015, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Harris, Victoria, “Sex on the Margins: New Directions in the Historiography of Sexuality and Gender”, The Historical Journal 53/4 (2010): 1085-1104.
- Herzog, Dagmar, Brutality and Desire: War and Sexuality in Europe’s Twentieth Century, 2009, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Hionidou, Violetta, Abortion and Contraception in Modern Greece, 1830-1967: Medicine, Sexuality and Popular Culture, 2020, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Katz, Jonathan, The Invention of Heterosexuality, Νέα Υόρκη 1995, Dutton.
- Kritsotaki, Despo και Zestanakis, Panagiotis, “Pervert, Sadist, Voyeur and Necrophile”: Pathological Sexual Desire in the Case of the Seich-Sou Dragon, 1959-1963”, The Historical Review/La Revue Historique 17 (2021), Special Section: “Mad, Bad, or Sad? Unruly Passions and Actions in Modern Greece”, ed. Dimitra Vassiliadou, forthcoming.
- Laite, Julia, Common Prostitutes and Ordinary Citizens: Commercial Sex in London, 1885-1960, Νέα Υόρκη 22012, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Papadogiannis, Nikos, “Confronting ‘imperialism’ and ‘loneliness’: Sexual and gender relations among young Communists in Greece, 1974-1981”, Journal of Modern Greek Studies 29/2 (2011): 219-250.
- Toulalan, Sarah και Fisher, Kate (επιμ.), The Routledge History of Sex and the Body: 1500 to the Present, 2013, Routledge.
- Vassiliadou, Dimitra, “Men of Disordered Passions in the Belle Époque of Neurasthenia”, The Historical Review/La Revue Historique 18 (2021), Special Section: “Mad, Bad, or Sad? Unruly Passions and Actions in Modern Greece”: 111-131, ed. Dimitra Vassiliadou, https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/historicalReview
- Vicinus, Martha, Intimate Friends: Women Who Loved Women, 1778-1928, Σικάγο 2004, University of Chicago Press.
- Walkowitz, Judith R., Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class and the State, Κέμπριτζ 1980, Cambridge University Press.
- Weeks, Jeffrey, Sex, Politics and Society: The Regulations of Sexuality Since 1800, 2014, Routledge. ———–, What is Sexual History? 2016, Polity.
Related academic journals
- Emotions: History, Culture, Society
- Gender and History
- History Workshop Journal
- Journal of Family History
- Journal of the History of Sexuality
- Men and Masculinities
- Sexualities
- Signs
- The Historical Journal
- The History of the Family: An International Quarterly
- Women’s History Review